Yellow skin. It is quite common for the skin of patients with diabetes have yellowing, best seen in palms and soles of the feet, but is of no clinical importance. It is known that the problem arises when high blood sugar levels affect collagen, a protein that is found naturally in the human body and is responsible for providing strength to bones, skin, hair and nails.
Diabetic dermopathy. It is the most common problem and is due to the disruption of small blood vessels, characterized by the appearance of red spots on ½ to 2 inches in diameter, which will eventually become darker and are small scab. They have serious consequences, do not generate pain and are preferentially located in the knees, ankles, thighs and forearms are most common in men than in women. They do not require treatment and more or less strict control of diabetes prevents its evolution.
Necrobiosis lipoidica. Of unknown cause, characterized by papules (rash) small, reddish, which tend to harden, grow slowly converge with one another into plaques of variable size, with yellow edges, do not generate complaints, while sometimes itchy. It is more common in women and is usually found on hands, forearms, thighs, abdomen, face and scalp. No treatment is finished completely with the problem, although tests have been satisfactory with oral corticosteroids.

Bullosis diabeticorum. consists in the spontaneous appearance of blisters of variable size and contained clear, healthy skin on the forearms, legs, feet and toes. They usually do not cause discomfort and, unless they become infected, they heal within 1 to 4 weeks, sometimes leaving small scars. There is no specific treatment and only have to have rest and applying local antiseptics, control of blood sugar levels does not prevent or accelerate its relief.

Granuloma annulare. It is characterized by the appearance of small purplish papules that converge resulting in plaques of 1 to 5 cm in diameter with healthy skin in the center. They are found most often in the arms, legs, back of hands and fingers, respecting the mucous cause is unknown. Healing can take from 1 to 3 years without sequelae, although frequent new outbreaks which, incidentally, do not cause discomfort. As a treatment using topical application (in the place of injury) of corticosteroids.

Erythema diabetic. It usually occurs in patients older diabetes, is the emergence of well-defined painless red areas on the lower legs and feet. A variant of this box is Diabetic rubeosis, where the spots appear on the face and less frequently on the hands and in no case be treated.

While the above are relatively common disorders of the skin of patients with diabetes, should be emphasized that there may be thickening of the largest organ in the human body, a problem called scleredema diabeticorum , and appears more frequently in the top posterior region of the chest and neck, extending progressively to face and shoulders, seldom reaching abdomen, arms or hands. It affects patients with diabetes many years, usually obese and cardiovascular complications, it causes discomfort and no treatment . On the other hand, there is thickening and hardening of the skin back of hands and feet in 30% of patients who must inject insulin and between 10 and 60% of patients who depend on it, the problem results in some limitation in joint mobility in those areas. Unfortunately there is no treatment to reverse the condition. Go problem skin surface of patients with diabetes easily housed certain germs that make it easier to develop infections, the main energy source of these microorganisms are carbohydrates or sugars; the latter are found in high concentrations in the blood of those who suffer from this condition. The same reason promotes the growth of certain fungi, yeasts such as Candida, which are established in skin folds or genital area. Similarly, patients with diabetes facilitates colonization of bacteria such as staphylococci, which often damage the nasal mucous membranes. Another factor favoring the presence of infections is poor irrigation or supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tissues through blood. Occur with ease ulcers, which can be defined as any break in the skin barrier that usually extends through the dermis (layer that houses numerous blood vessels that provide elasticity and smoothness to the skin). However, the problem grows when these high glucose levels damage nerves (diabetic neuropathy) that emit signals as pain that can warn the patient of an injury, so that it does not realize that there are cuts or sores and let complicated step, as known to occur with regrettable consequences. It should be noted that poorly controlled diabetes leads to alterations in the body’s defense system (immune), which operation will be reduced compared to a skin infection, allowing it to grow if not taken appropriate action. The most common forms of infection are:
Candidiasis. The female genital area easily houses the fungus Candida albicans, which is favorable feeding conditions in poorly controlled patients, producing extreme itching at the entrance (vulva) and inside the vagina, but also often occurs in regions breast and groin. For the correct treatment is appropriate glycemic control with topical application of antifungal agents.
Candida paronychia. nail infection by Candida, which cause redness, some pain and swelling, with loss of the cuticle, thus favoring secondary bacterial superinfection. The correct treatment is the application of topical antiseptics during the day and antifungal ointment or ointment at night, for weeks or months. The proper blood sugar control speeds healing.

Dermatophytosis. trichophytic fungal infection of the feet and creases between the toes is very common and its true significance is not in itself mycosis, but that is excellent gateway for secondary bacterial infections that can seriously compromise the integrity of the foot. Therefore, treatment should be energetic, with topical antifungal or oral, after carrying out a mycological culture.

Pyoderma. It is most common, but more severe, occurs at the level of the beard, legs and feet. Your treatment will be extended, based on broad spectrum antibiotics, along with local application of antifungal agents. It should be strict control of blood sugar levels because decompensation can aggravate the problem.

Erythrasma. Produced by the bacterium Corynebacterium minutissimum , is quite common in obese diabetics. Plaques appear well defined, red, scaly superficial, inguinal folds, axillary, submammary and less often between the toes. Treated with erythromycin for a week and / or topical antifungal. Weight loss and prevent moisture in the areas mentioned in part prevents relapse.

Eruptive xanthomas. A further problem in patients with diabetes who are overweight, and cholesterol and high triglycerides. Are there tiny red-yellow nodules up to 5 millimeters in diameter, which are grouped in the extremities and buttocks. They do not generate complaints, while sometimes itchy. Treatment to lower fat levels often provide encouraging results.

While diabetes is a problem that will accompany the patient for the rest of his life, it can be lived with better quality if attention is given to minor injuries and kept in regular levels of blood glucose levels.

Is particularly high among diabetics, the risk of coronary heart disease. This is due to the fact that here is a arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries colloquially called) is much faster and more intensively developed. The consequence of a poorly controlled metabolism is often an overactive clotting. This means that blood platelets sticky and tend to form clumps more quickly. Represent a serious hazard in addition to the damaged nervous system of diabetic patients. Because of nerve damage, the pain that induces a reduced perfusion of the heart, not perceived. It may be that a heart attack occurs without any warning pain, not being noticed and therefore goes untreated.

Symptoms of coronary heart disease
The symptoms of coronary heart disease are numerous technical. They are regarded as warning signs that something is wrong and a doctor should be consulted. Primary symptoms are pain in the chest and shortness of breath or palpitations or irregular heartbeats. This unusual referred pain in the arms should be, in the jaw or back, tiredness or nausea, heartburn, and excessive sweating will be given more consideration.

Other cardiac complications
But not only with coronary heart disease have to reckon with diabetes. Other complications around the heart are just as widespread. Heart failure occurs, for example also increasingly on people with diabetes. This is due to a thickening, in turn, a stiffening of the walls of the smallest blood vessels and capillaries causes. Because of this failure, the pumping of the heart is significantly reduced. For this reason, diabetics should avoid especially smoking.

Diabetic neuropathy in diabetic patients is often pioneer of a diabetic foot ulcers. Nerve damage can also occur in the nerves that control the heart rate. This is referred to as: cardiac autonomic neuropathy. For the limitation of our heartbeat is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible. If this fails, predominates in the conduct of our heartbeat of the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the performance. A consistent and not necessary, increased heart rate is the consequence, which in turn causes Frequenzstarre. The slowdown associated with the expiration of the pulse takes place here and not the heart is overwhelmed due to lack of recovery phases.

Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases
An important component of diabetes treatment is therefore mainly the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It begins with the patient knows about his diabetes, a healthy, balanced diet and enough exercise movement. In addition, the observation of his blood lipid levels is essential. A lipid metabolism disorder is considered a major cardiovascular risk factor. Also, the intake of bad cholesterol (and lipo-protein) should be avoided, since this is deposited on the walls of blood vessels and leads to narrowing.
The diabetes guideline of the German Diabetes Society, moreover, show that to be achieved as the main prevention is a must normal glycemic control. This assumes that the HbA1c did not – value in diabetic patients is higher than 7%. The A1C test indicates the long-term blood sugar levels. The doctor can because of this value, determined regardless of the current measurement, the average blood sugar levels of the last two to three months. The UK prospective diabetes study (UKPDS) has shown that a reduction was achieved by 16% incidence of heart attacks by lowering of HbA1c from 7.9 to 7.0%.

A set of United States scientists concluded that eating habits grain of eggs a day can increase the risk of diabetes by 60 percent. In fact, for women, the risk is much higher around 77 percent.

Researchers at Harvard University Medical School and Women’s Hospital Boston, also gave a warning, people with diabetes or type the Second Stage of adult human experience, can suffer from circumstances far more serious if you eat some seeds eggs a day.

They made that conclusion based on research over 57 thousand women and men within 20 years. “The action takes only eat grain of eggs within a week does not give any threat,” said their investigation results published in the latest edition of the journal Diabetes Care.

Along with that, the doctors now recommend that people with diabetes or the Second Stage at risk the virus, limiting eating eggs in just three seeds a week.

“If there’s still interested in making an egg as a main dish, choose one that has the Omega 3 content is higher,” said the doctor.

Although even a source of various sources of vitamins and other benefits, the egg also has high cholesterol and saturated fats not be between the risk of diabetes Second Stage.

Diabetes is a disease that has a blood glucose level is too high due to the failure of the body in use.

There are two types of diabetes, namely the First Stage of failure involving the body to produce insulin and usually occurs before the 40-year-old individual

Second Stage Diabetes refers to the problem of the body can still produce insulin, but not enough. Usually involves people with weight problems that typically arise when they are older than 40 years.

People with diabetes are prone to foot problems because, as we have seen, nerves and blood vessels can be seen damaged. A diabetic can suffer a stroke or an injury to one foot and not realize it, due to loss of sensitivity, until the infection is well advanced. A small infection in a normal case would easily treated here can result in necrosis would result in the amputation of the affected part.

The medical community stresses the importance of diabetes education in order to prevent any complications. For the proper care of feet is estimated that 75% of amputations could be avoided if adequate attention is paid on a regular basis:

* Check your feet every day for all parties, especially the more hidden, such as between fingers and under them.
* Half day with warm water (if too hot can cause burns) and soap (harsh soap can damage the skin), paying special attention to a completely dry in all parts to prevent infection in the wetlands. The nail also is delicate since it can incarnate as recommended cut after soaking in warm water and always straight.
* Hydrate well without leaving a wet, so there are no cracks in the skin that might landed in an infection.
* To stimulate the circulation is recommended daily exercise and proper posture sitting with feet uncrossed. The snuff also worsens the circulation in the feet, so it is recommended to quit smoking.
* Always wear comfortable shoes and socks that are too tight and not let the blood circulate well.
* Pay attention to the interior of the shoe to prevent rubbing or pressure points. A good preventive measure is to change the type of shoe every 4 or 5 hours to change these pressure points.
* Whenever possible it is advisable to wear socks or soft, breathable socks that do not squeeze as they involve an additional layer of protection for the foot.
* We recommend a periodic review of the feet by the doctor or nurse, who was informed of any change observed as wounds, rashes or blisters. It is also advisable to go to a podiatrist to do a thorough cleaning of corns, calluses or even cutting of nails.

This high-risk diabetic patients develop mouth problems can be the cause of the variation in levels of blood glucose.

The relationship between diabetes and gum problems is reciprocal and bidirectional. This means that diabetes predisposes the sufferer to have tender gums, gums and the problem of making the control of diabetes more difficult. One way to avoid falling into this vicious circle is to visit a periodontist is a dentist specializing in gum.

The specialist will initiate a treatment to reduce inflammation and infection, the most common problems of the gums. Once the swelling is down, the dentist can start a more intensive therapy if required.

According to Dr. Campos, health institutions have specific protocols for treating diabetes. Because of its low defenses, such as “is regulatory, in some offices, the dentist may prescribe antibiotics to patients 24 hours before beginning treatment.”

One of the things that people with diabetes notice in your mouth is the dryness that causes depletion of the saliva. “This problem results in the tooth enamel and tooth decay tend to become more vulnerable. Dryness also tends to produce alitosis or odor in the mouth, “said Dr. Campos.

Occasionally, diabetic patients complain of taste loss. This is due to the treatment prescribed by a doctor, so be sure to share this information with the doctor.

Tips
Research shows that a deficiency in vitamin C and calcium is the cause of gum problems. Why doctors recommend people with diabetes, especially young people and women who are in menopause, do not forget to eat citrus fruits and dairy products.

To strengthen as far as possible the tooth enamel, brush with a toothpaste that has fluoride. Do it often and with a soft brush. If you can choose to rinse with fluoride, this is the best option.

Smoking, dentures, and dry mouth increases the risk of developing dental problems. Take precautions in this regard, thorough cleaning and rinsing the mouth accessories. Also drink plenty of fluids and yoghurt to prevent dryness.

Finally, remember that diabetic patients should visit their dentist at least every six months.

Her daughter, then 18-months old, was rushed and spent several days in the hospital tested until doctors were able to determine the dose of insulin needed to balance your blood sugar level. “I do not understand anything, it was blank,” said Alice to voanoticias.com, who until now had no close relative with Type I diabetes

Hospital Alice and her husband came up with an idea of how the metabolism of Emilia, what dose of insulin would need daily, what kind of diet should continue and at what times I had to eat. In practice, this meant a total rethinking of their lives. Alice had to leave her job of 10 years as a clerk in a blood bank to provide care for her daughter. And over the years, she and her family learned to overcome their fears and prepare for future obstacles.

“Diabetes in itself is not the problem. Is how one is prepared to receive it, “said Alice. In his case, as a mother, assumed that diabetes requires everything to be planned in advance: dining out, family holidays, daily meals, going to the school, children’s birthday, her daughter’s education in the management of their disease. ..

What the human body usually regulates the concentration of glucose-blood-is a function that Emilia’s mother to meet. His daughter received seven daily injections of insulin are two types: one is NPH insulin, intermediate acting, and the other is the ultra-fast, which acts within minutes of being injected. But that is not enough. After each meal, Alice must make a count of Emilia ingested carbohydrates and measure blood glucose value to determine the dose of insulin should administer.

There are other factors to be taken into account. Although physical exercise is highly recommended for diabetics, if the activity is very intense and you do not eat in the hours after the blood glucose level may drop too low. This downturn may also be given if the person receives an excessive dose of insulin. And abnormally low blood sugar can cause hypoglycaemia, the fear of all parents with children with diabetes who do not know yet regulated.

Emilia suffered only two episodes of hypoglycemia, a short time ago. “The person comes into a kind of seizure, start shaking, talked to and does not respond,” said Alice. Sometimes, hypoglycemia can occur at night, when the person is asleep. “For me, sleeping on your run does not exist. Every now and then I wake up to see how Emilia. ”

Other parents invent their own techniques. “One mother said her son had an episode of hypoglycemia, and for a time gave the evening a Milanese huge for your blood sugar level remains high,” he said. “Another mother put a nylon on the mattress of the bed of her son. If the sound of nylon felt, I knew that everything was fine because the child moved. But if the noise was too much, check that they were not seizures. ”

Emilio can live normally? When asked, his mother reflected: “No such thing as normal life. What are the parameters of comparison? We live well because we are accustomed, as we assimilate. Other families, not so much. ”

And if you have assimilated. Every year, parents of Emilia are doctors and diabetes to school to give a talk to teachers about their disease. They also send a newsletter for fellow students and their parents. Emilia carries a kit with all necessary equipment to meet an emergency.

The children’s birthday was an issue. Alice said they hoped the time take the cake for Emilia, and not tempted. Then they learned that she can eat a small piece of cake, with sugar, if then regulates blood sugar. And at first, when Emilia had a birthday, I cooked a cake diet. “The first we was horrible,” recalled Alice. Now found places where they can buy a cake for diabetics or give a small piece of sugary cake.

Educate them in managing their disease is not always easy. “We have to impose limits. She has psychological care. But it is like climbing stairs. When you think you understand everything, down two steps. For example, sometimes we go to the bakery and if there’s something says, ‘No, I can not because I have diabetes. ” And the next day, asking who gave her a gingerbread. ”

There were times when, as a mother, Alice felt guilty. “I wondered whether I would have done something wrong that caused his diabetes.” Once his daughter asked him why he was not born before his brother, Philip. “It was the only question you amazed me.”

Diabetes, like any chronic disease, causes these emotional swings. But Emilia’s family continues, with the autopilot. “One Day at a Time”, is the position of Alice. And Emilia, a beautiful and lively girl of five years, gradually learning about their bodies. Any contention that receives the help, later, to be self-reliant, the greatest desire of his mother.

Cedrés presented research conducted at the Medical Center Sexological Plenus, which he directs, in which he found that diabetic men have a chance “four times more likely to have erectile dysfunction, and diabetic women a chance” three times to experience low in vaginal lubrication. ”

The study was done among 140 patients (70 men and 70 women) between 40 and 60 and treated for type II diabetes. In the course of five months of work, Cedrés found that “all patients” some type of sexual dysfunction, either loss of sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, loss of lubrication, less testosterone than expected for age and anorgasmia. And these failures were linked to the disease.

Cedrés told voanoticias.com types of dysfunction that causes diabetes:

1. In women, impaired blood glucose predisposes to have more vaginal infections. And down infections vaginal lubrication. “That’s when you see the painful intercourse, pain at the time of penetration, and this brings the anorgasmia, or inability to achieve orgasm.”

2. Both men and women, diabetes affects the secretion of sex hormones. In the case of men, especially low testosterone secretion, Cedrés said. “The secret man testosterone in the testis. And to get more blood glucose than it should, down the functions of testosterone secretion, and this causes andropause, the male analog of the female menopause. A low level of testosterone affects sexual desire and erection in men. And in the case of women, affects sexual desire and vaginal lubrication. ”

3. Diabetes also causes vascular abnormalities. “The disease is clogging the arteries of the body, which is why diabetics are at risk of heart attacks. And when they clog arteries of the male genitalia, they are filled with less blood and erectile dysfunction occurs, “he said. In women, meanwhile, vascular abnormalities “are not predominant.”

4. Both men and women, diabetes causes a loss of endothelial function, which is the lining inside blood vessels in the body. “In sexuality, in particular, the loss of endothelial function affects the genital vessels. In men, erectile function worse and worse lubrication women. ”

5. Diabetes affects the patients to psycho-emotional level and this, in turn, affects their sexuality. “They have a chronic illness that requires them to adhere to treatment, both those who take insulin and those not. So many times, they feel handicapped and are afraid of death. This positions them in a very vulnerable. ”

While it is not easy for a diabetic to digest all this information must be educated if you want to solve their sexual problems, said Cedrés.

“In the course of the study we saw an amazing sexual illiteracy,” he said. “Many diabetes patients are not associated with sexual problems. Came to the center thinking it was a matter of the couple, stress, or because they thought it was normal to have sexual dysfunction to their age. ” False beliefs should be demolished. How? By appropriate treatment.

While the person with diabetes treatment is “more intense, more complex, and sometimes the response rate is slower, gives results as Cedrés. With patients, working both organic and psychological problems. The administration of drugs that improve vascular function and endothelial function, the application of hormones, treatment of vaginal infections and couples therapy are some of the tools he put into practice.

But before sexological treatment, the patient must control his diabetes, said Cedrés. “Exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, diet and care strictly adhere to medical control.”

Finally, diabetics and their partners should understand that they are not guilty of dysfunction: “It’s not that your body does not function, or that your partner does not want and that does not respond. It is the manifestation of a metabolic disease, “said the Uruguayan doctor.

The discovery underscores the importance of pregnant women, even those without other risk factors, maintain good oral health.

The study, led by Ananda P. Dasanayake, eliminating smoking and alcohol consumption among a group of 190 pregnant women in Sri Lanka, where a combination of cultural taboos and poverty, preventing women from smoking and drinking.

The findings support an earlier study that found evidence Dasanayake that pregnant women with periodontal disease were more likely to develop gestational diabetes than those with healthy gums.

That study, which followed 256 women with Bellevue Hospital Center in New York in its first six months of pregnancy, showed that 22 women gestational desarrollaron diabetes. Those women had significantly elevated levels of periodontal bacteria and inflammation compared with the other women in the study.

More than a third of women in the new study was developed over a year, said they had bleeding gums when brushing teeth. The women underwent a dental examination and a blood glucose test, which is used to detect gestational ladiabetes.

As pointed Dasanayake, women who had the highest amounts of bleeding in your gums also had higher levels of blood glucose. He says he expected the final figures show that between 20 and 30 per cent of women had gestational desarrolladodiabetes.

Gestational diabetes is characterized by an inability to transport glucose, the main energy source of the organism to the cells during pregnancy. The condition usually disappears when the pregnancy but women who have gestational tenidodiabetes have a higher risk of later developing the most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes.

In addition to its possible role in preterm delivery, evidence that gum disease may contribute to gestational diabetes suggests that women should see a dentist if they plan to become pregnant and then get it. Treating gum disease during pregnancy is safe and effective in improving women’s oral health and minimizing potential risks, concludes Dasanayake.

Although these diseases are rare, it is best to diagnose a good time to try to do everything possible to make your pregnancy reaches a successful conclusion.

About five percent of pregnant women develop gestational diabetes and although the figure is not very high, doctors usually make frequent glucose testing expectant mothers. For those diagnosed with this illness can be controlled with a good diet and exercise, pregnancy will end well.

Placenta previa is another of the complications of pregnancy and in it the placenta that surrounds the baby is lower in the normal uterus, right next to or covering the cervix. This condition occurs in about one in a hundred pregnancies, so the chances of developing it are not very high, but should be alert.

Placenta previa usually not a problem at the beginning of pregnancy, but if it continues in coming quarters may cause bleeding, so you can take the decision to bring forward the date of delivery. The location of your placenta will be reviewed during the ultrasound in the middle of your pregnancy, but very few women who have placenta previa at this stage of your state maintained until delivery. But if you go with it, the only option is to give birth by Caesarean section.

This is because during pregnancy the placenta produces hormones such as estrogen, cortisol and lactogen, which can block the work of insulin, which is responsible for regulating blood glucose. When gestational diabetes is not treated, can cause severe consequences on the health of the pregnant woman and baby, one of the most common infections are usually in the urinary tract.

You may also see preeclampsia, which is characterized by increased high blood pressure and a lot of fluid retention which can interfere with the development of the sick baby and the mom. A characteristic of babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes, is that they can grow so much and weigh more than 4 kg which is called (macrosomia), which can complicate delivery, and require much more effort the mother.

You can give these babies born with respiratory failure, poor lung development, which then has for some time in the neonatal intensive care unit until they can breathe on their own. Therefore it is necessary that the mother make the appropriate checks and if you detect gestational diabetes, observed to the letter the instructions of their doctors.