
Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone that helps the body’s tissues absorb glucose (sugar) so it can be used as a source of energy. The condition may also develop if muscle cells, fat and liver do not respond well to insulin. In people with diabetes, glucose levels build up in blood and urine, causing excessive urination, thirst, hunger, and problems with fat and protein metabolism.
Diabetes mellitus differs from the less common diabetes insipidus, which is caused by the lack of the hormone vasopressin that controls the amount of urine secreted.
Diabetes is more common in adults over 45 years of age, in people who are overweight or physically inactive, in individuals who have a close relative with diabetes and in people of African, Hispanic, and Native American descent. The highest rate of diabetes in the world occurs in the Native Americans. More women than men have been diagnosed with the disease.