If diet and exercise do not help to maintain normal or near normal blood glucose, your doctor may prescribe medication. Because these drugs help to lower blood sugar levels in different ways, the doctor might take more than one. These drugs can be used in conjunction with insulin, if necessary.
1. Some common types of medications are listed below and are taken orally or injected.
2. Biguanides (Metformin) tell the liver that produce less glucose and help you adipocytes and muscle cells and the liver to absorb more glucose from the bloodstream, which lowers blood sugar levels.
3. The sulfonylureas (like glimepiride, glyburide, and tolazamide) trigger the pancreas to produce more insulin. Are taken by mouth.
4. Thiazolidinediones (such as rosiglitazone) help adipocytes and muscle and liver cells to absorb more blood sugar when insulin is present. Rosiglitazone may increase the risk of heart problems, so consult your doctor.
5. Injectable medications (including exenatide and pramlintide) can lower blood sugar.
6. Meglitinides (including repaglinide and nateglinide) trigger the pancreas to produce more insulin in response to glucose in the blood.
7. Inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase (such as acarbose) decrease the absorption of carbohydrates from the digestive tract to lower glucose levels after meals.
If you continue to have poor glycemic control despite changes in lifestyle and taking medicines by mouth, your doctor will prescribe insulin. It is also possible that the prescription if you have had an adverse reaction to other drugs. Insulin must be injected under the skin using a syringe or insulin pen, and can not be taken by mouth.
Insulin preparations are different in how quickly they start to work and the duration of its effect. The doctor will determine the appropriate type of insulin to use and tell you what time of day to.
More than one type may be mixed together in one injection to achieve better control of blood glucose. Usually injections are needed one to four times a day. Your doctor or diabetes educator will show you how to give yourself an injection.
Some people with type 2 diabetes find they no longer need medication if they lose weight and increase activity. When they reach their ideal weight, their own insulin and a careful diet can control their blood sugar levels.
It is not known whether hypoglycemia medications taken by mouth are safe for use in pregnancy. Women with type 2 diabetes taking these medications may be switched to insulin during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
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