Hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia is common in the first half of pregnancy, especially in the first quarter. Fortunately, the fetus tolerates well hypoglycemia.
Diabetic ketoacidosis: is a real danger, contrary to what occurs with hypoglycemia, is fatal to the fetus
Retinopathy (damage to the retina) retinopathy is already present in many women in early pregnancy, and may progress as it moves. Regular ophthalmoscopy is therefore important. Paradoxically, the progression of retinopathy may be related to the initiation of a strict metabolic control. When neovascularization occurs, can be controlled with photocoagulation, and it is therefore an indication for abortion.
Nephropathy (kidney damage): diabetic nephropathy in pregnant women is defined as the presence during the first half of pregnancy, proteinuria (protein in urine), persistent over 400 mg in 24 hours, in the absence of infection.
Many patients also have high blood pressure and other complications of renal injury. These cases require careful monitoring and control of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, hospitalization proceeding quickly and inducing labor.
Patients with functioning kidney transplants often have successful pregnancies.
Intrauterine death (death of the fetus in the uterus) may occur unexpectedly and inexplicably
Malformations: Congenital malformations occur in 6-8% of children of diabetic mothers: they are three times more frequent than in the general population. The rate of malformations covers a wide spectrum, but the defects of the neural canal and the cardiac lesions are not uncommon.
Therefore, patients should be advised diabetic women to plan pregnancy and tell her earlier, in order to achieve the best possible control before conception takes place. Compliance with this advice may reduce the number of malformations
Neonates small for gestational age: Although usual in children of diabetic mothers is macrosomia, some infants are small for gestational age due to intrauterine growth retardation. This is more common in patients with longstanding DM with vascular complications.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or hyaline membrane disease: when patients routinely gave birth at 36-37 weeks of gestation, due to lack of maturation of the lungs of the newborn, respiratory disturbance occurred that many times was fatal. Today this problem can be provided in time avoiding many deaths from this cause.
Hypoglycemia Neonatal hypoglycemia is common, especially in macrosomic children. Strict metabolic control of the mother and newborn after delivery decreases the frequency and severity of neonatal hypoglycemia.
Hyperbilirubinemia: It may appear associated with premature birth.
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Posted in Effects of Diabetes | 
Tags: blurred vision, bone, bone cells, diabetes, diabetics, glucose, heart attack, kidney, neuropathy, pregnancy