It is essential to control this problem to avoid possible negative effects on the health of the mother and the unborn child, and is therefore very important that pregnant women adapt their diet to their particular circumstances.

Through proper diet if you suffer from gestational diabetes can control blood glucose levels, thereby ensuring adequate child growth and welfare.

The diet when you have gestational diabetes

The diet consists of bringing a varied and balanced diet, rich in fiber and low-dose intake of carbohydrate as eliminating carbohydrates, rapidly absorbed, and also control the intake of calories.

Carbohydrates are sugars found in foods, some of them spend the bloodstream quickly raise blood glucose levels sharply, and the others go more slowly and with a more complex metabolic process.

Should be removed from the diet rapid carbohydrate absorption, which are sugar, chocolates, candies, sweets, desserts, quince, cream, ice cream, honey, jams, pastries, etc..

Carbohydrates that can be taken are the slow absorption, and still need to be taken in moderation. Are slowly absorbed carbohydrates, vegetable, bread, rice, potatoes, pasta, etc..

Sometimes it may persist after birth and is associated with increased maternal disorders (hypertension or high blood pressure, vaginal infections and urinary tract, premature delivery and caesarean) and serious harm to the baby (macrosomia fetal death, ie overgrowth of the product because it is exposed to more glucose than usual this is because it stimulates your pancreas secretes insulin abundance increases their development, which can lead to injury at the time of passing through the birth canal .)

Pregnancy is a metabolic stress on the body of the mother because the baby uses their bodies for food (energy), oxygen and eliminating waste. For this reason, the woman who becomes pregnant is more likely a deficiency of the hormone that allows sugar or glucose is used by the cell (insulin), causing difficulty breathing.

Although these diseases are rare, it is best to diagnose a good time to try to do everything possible to make your pregnancy reaches a successful conclusion.

About five percent of pregnant women develop gestational diabetes and although the figure is not very high, doctors usually make frequent glucose testing expectant mothers. For those diagnosed with this illness can be controlled with a good diet and exercise, pregnancy will end well.

Placenta previa is another of the complications of pregnancy and in it the placenta that surrounds the baby is lower in the normal uterus, right next to or covering the cervix. This condition occurs in about one in a hundred pregnancies, so the chances of developing it are not very high, but should be alert.

Placenta previa usually not a problem at the beginning of pregnancy, but if it continues in coming quarters may cause bleeding, so you can take the decision to bring forward the date of delivery. The location of your placenta will be reviewed during the ultrasound in the middle of your pregnancy, but very few women who have placenta previa at this stage of your state maintained until delivery. But if you go with it, the only option is to give birth by Caesarean section.

Diabetic retinopathy is divided into stages according to clinical features. It ranges from a little bleeding that can grow up to produce retinal detachment and glaucoma in advanced stages. Therefore, the most important thing is to control blood sugar levels to prevent future complications appear in the eyes.

It has been shown statistically that a person with diabetes with good metabolic control for 20 years no complications caused by diabetes and poorly controlled unlike people come to have other health problems at 5 years.

Intraocular pressure
Intraocular pressure does not necessarily increase with diabetes, ideally at each visit with your ophthalmologist to make a measurement of intraocular pressure and fundus review.

Screening Tests
Initially welcomed as is the vision, then makes a microscopic test of the presence of cataracts (a condition common in people with diabetes), then reviews the retina through a dilated while intraocular pressure is monitored.

The ophthalmologic examinations for people newly diagnosed should be done once a year, if you have 10 or more years living with diabetes it is best to attend every six months by an ophthalmologist.

Pregnancy and vision problems
During pregnancy it is common for many patients who have myopia increased, causing a decline in mild to moderate vision, however after delivery returns to normal.

Is the laser treatment can limit the passage of light?
The laser is the only thing that makes clotting or cauterizing the veins that are bleeding or are bleeding, does not in any way the passage of light. The passage of light may be limited by the presence of cataracts, common condition in people with diabetes.

I see rainbows
The rainbow around the eyes coupled with eye pain may be due to increased intraocular pressure, sometimes it is taken for any discharge that is on the conjunctiva.

Lens prescription
The lens prescription changes according to glucose level, i.e if over 200mg/dl not worth be sent to make some new lenses for surely you will not see them properly.

Glycosylated hemoglobin gives a controlled parameter as they were last 6 months. For example, the level is 6 multiplied by 20 roughly handled over the past six months a blood glucose of 120mg/dl

The most convenient is to have a glycated hemoglobin test before graduating lenses, however for the costs is not always possible so it is advisable to check the levels are less than 160 mg / dl.

Can cause blurred vision insulin?
No. Some patients have the typical picture of hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels), cold sweating, feeling of loss of consciousness and decreased vision. However, insulin is not related to vision problems, the contrary is one of the treatments to avoid future complications.

Conclusion
Diabetes is a progressive metabolic disease, so we can curb future complications or delay depends on the control of the individual.

Diabetic ketoacidosis: is a real danger, contrary to what occurs with hypoglycemia, is fatal to the fetus

Retinopathy (damage to the retina) retinopathy is already present in many women in early pregnancy, and may progress as it moves. Regular ophthalmoscopy is therefore important. Paradoxically, the progression of retinopathy may be related to the initiation of a strict metabolic control. When neovascularization occurs, can be controlled with photocoagulation, and it is therefore an indication for abortion.

Nephropathy (kidney damage): diabetic nephropathy in pregnant women is defined as the presence during the first half of pregnancy, proteinuria (protein in urine), persistent over 400 mg in 24 hours, in the absence of infection.

Many patients also have high blood pressure and other complications of renal injury. These cases require careful monitoring and control of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, hospitalization proceeding quickly and inducing labor.

Patients with functioning kidney transplants often have successful pregnancies.

Intrauterine death (death of the fetus in the uterus) may occur unexpectedly and inexplicably

Malformations: Congenital malformations occur in 6-8% of children of diabetic mothers: they are three times more frequent than in the general population. The rate of malformations covers a wide spectrum, but the defects of the neural canal and the cardiac lesions are not uncommon.

Therefore, patients should be advised diabetic women to plan pregnancy and tell her earlier, in order to achieve the best possible control before conception takes place. Compliance with this advice may reduce the number of malformations

Neonates small for gestational age: Although usual in children of diabetic mothers is macrosomia, some infants are small for gestational age due to intrauterine growth retardation. This is more common in patients with longstanding DM with vascular complications.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or hyaline membrane disease: when patients routinely gave birth at 36-37 weeks of gestation, due to lack of maturation of the lungs of the newborn, respiratory disturbance occurred that many times was fatal. Today this problem can be provided in time avoiding many deaths from this cause.

Hypoglycemia Neonatal hypoglycemia is common, especially in macrosomic children. Strict metabolic control of the mother and newborn after delivery decreases the frequency and severity of neonatal hypoglycemia.

Hyperbilirubinemia: It may appear associated with premature birth.

Pregnant women undergoes many changes during its gestation process nausea, drowsiness, tiredness, weakness, among others but when they are diabetic are more noticeable changes.

As pregnancy progresses, metabolic adaptation intensifies, reaching great importance during the last 20 weeks of pregnancy.

As should take into account certain considerations.
* In some patients diabetes first appears during pregnancy.
* The conventional criteria for diagnosing diabetes are not applicable during pregnancy.
* As pregnancy progresses there is an increase in insulin requirements.
* The usual criteria of strict metabolic control are not applicable during pregnancy.

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (DMG), the data suggest the possibility of DMG are:
Family history of diabetes, especially among first-degree relatives.
* Glycosuria (glucose in urine) in a second fasting urine sample Newborns large for gestational age.
* Abortions unexplained.
* Malformations in the newborn.
* Significant maternal obesity (90 kg or more).

The presence of more than one data increases the probability of having a disorder in glucose metabolism.

Glycosuria (glucose in urine) is a common finding, as 15% of pregnant women have it, so the search for cases based on this information alone is ineffective. The validity of this test may increase when using a second sample Fasting urine issued upon awakening is neglected and collected a second sample 15 minutes later when the patient is still fasting.

If suspicion of GDM should be seen every 15 days by the endocrinologist, working together he and the obstetrician. It should take the usual prenatal measures. It should place special emphasis on weight control.

At each visit, you must perform a blood glucose after eating. If this test does not exceed 120 mg / dL), evidence of oral glucose tolerance should be deferred until the week 37 th -38 th of gestation, at which time more likely to test positive. If at any visit after eating glucose exceeds 120 mg / dL, should be tested for glucose tolerance without delay.

If the test is negative in early pregnancy does not, however, the diagnosis and the test should be repeated at 37-38 weeks, before making a final decision.

Patients who have a negative tolerance test at 37-38 weeks is considered normal.

If the test is positive diagnosis can be made of gestational diabetes and is offered to patients on a diet and was controlled in the same way as a diabetic clinic.

The existence of an increased need for insulin during pregnancy does not necessarily indicate that diabetes persists after delivery.

Insulin therapy can be given earlier for the physically Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or type-2 diabetes who need, but not the last such therapy which is believed all along.

So far not a lot of insulin therapy is given to people with type-2 DM, because this therapy is considered as the last therapy or therapy for patients nearing death. As a result patients often refuse given insulin therapy, doctors also rarely want to give it, mostly because it considers the procedure is too complicated and troublesome because they have the patience to train the patient to inject insulin. And they are not.

When properly given early insulin therapy (early insulinitation) can control blood sugar levels to near normal (120 mg / dl before meals and 140 mg / dl after meals) and to prevent complications in people with type 2 DM (non-insulin Dependent) .

Right means the right type of insulin given at the right time and to the right patient. For example a patient who had diet and exercise and take one or two drugs but not the blood sugar levels near normal visit.

People with type-2 DM were not initially require insulin from outside the body (exogenous) to survive because he was still able to produce insulin even though the amount is not sufficient.

However, over time people with type-2 DM will experience a decline in insulin production capability and thus require insulin from outside. This need, he said, can be filled with insulin therapy either individually or together with the drugs previously supplied.

Doctors can give insulin treatment when patients with type 2 DM lose weight quickly, weight hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, failed to lower blood sugar levels despite using a combination of drugs that lower blood sugar, stress, pregnancy, and impaired kidney function or liver heavy.

Provision of exogenous insulin should be sought as much as possible to resemble the insulin naturally produced by the pancreatic beta cells from a healthy person’s body. Type of insulin used for treatment of insulin that is working very fast, short working insulin, insulin-secondary work, long working insulin and insulin mixtures.