The type 2 diabetes
Type-2 diabetes have a resistance of body cells to the biological effects of insulin. Once this so-called insulin resistance is too strong, does the injected insulin in a diabetes therapy is not effective enough. Be increased in these cases, the insulin sensitivity by insulin sensitizers. These sensitizers are firstly used for type-2 diabetes with marked insulin resistance, ie, in patients in whom insulin alone is insufficient. On the other hand in diabetic patients who are not the standard combination of insulin and metformin because of contraindications or intolerance can take.

To date, registered in Germany, two insulin sensitizers: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. These drugs increase insulin sensitivity of liver cells, muscle, and adipose tissue. The cells absorb more sugar by these substances, the liver, however, limits their glucose production. The result: the blood sugar level falls, both fasting and after meals.

The study
In the current study for three years more than 4000 patients taking part. All will be treated with the combination of insulin and pioglitazone. The first interim analysis of data from 2086 patients from 408 different diabetological study centers appears very positive. The blood glucose levels of the test subjects fell by nearly one percentage point. As an ultimate goal, the leaders recommend a percentage of 6.5%. In addition, the interim results showed that 22% of patients required less insulin. Blood pressure and blood lipid values of study participants also improved.

Possible side effects
The compatibility ratio of this therapy was quite good and was 97.7%, which was tolerated in most patients, the combination without major problems. One in seven patients, there was water retention in the legs. Through a diuretic these unwanted side effects, however, were already resolved during therapy. Encouraging, the researchers expressed the fact that no patient had to discontinue the therapy and already well-known complications with pioglitazone were observed.

Treatment Information
In patients receiving the combination therapy for the first time it is very important that the physician individually reduces the insulin dose to prevent hypoglycaemia. Those in charge of the study suggest, therefore, patients in the first few weeks follow closely, especially with regard to the occurrence of Herzinsuffiziensymptomen. Particularly crucial to a problem-entry into this type of therapy is the continuous adjustment of insulin dose.

In contrast to the insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes produce humans with type 2 diabetes, even a small amount of endogenous insulin. This amount is often small, that they no longer sufficient to adequately regulate the blood sugar. In addition, the metabolism of a type-2 diabetics often speaks to the existing insulin significantly less responsive than in perfectly healthy people would be the case. In this problem, so-called “oral agents” to correct the situation. These tablets increase the effects of the existing residual insulin and stimulate the pancreas to pour out to, for example at meals sufficient endogenous insulin. In the tablets even no insulin is included because it would be destroyed by stomach acid. In Germany, a type-2 diabetes is usually treated with oral antidiabetic agents. Only when the excess of regular long-term blood sugar levels (HbA1c), despite all efforts, the level of 7% are type 2 diabetics treated with insulin.

Texas study examines the advantages and disadvantages of diabetes therapy
A team of endocrinologists in the United States had now for three years, recently published study examined the self-treatment of people with type 2 diabetes. The study involved about 58 people had taken part with a newly diagnosed diabetes who were assigned randomly to one of two groups. One group was treated during the three-year observation period with insulin and the drug metformin, the other group received a combination treatment with the antidiabetic metformin, pioglitazone, and glyburide.

Insulin and combination tablets are equally good
The result: The HbA1c of both groups differed at the end of the study, only 0.1 percent. The insulin group had reached an average of 6.1%, the tablet group had the slightly better value of 6%. Weight gain was observed in both groups. Surprisingly, participants had risen kg in the insulin group, however, only about 4.5, while the tablet group average of 7.2 kg with a lot more put on the scales. Hypoglycemia occurred during the study in both groups rarely, and usually, these were not severe hypoglycemia. The self-discipline and the satisfaction with the therapy in both groups were also roughly equal.

Results are not fully meaningful
As a result, the insulin / metformin therapy and the combination of three anti-diabetic agents also equal. However, a combination of three different anti-diabetic agents in Germany is practiced only in emergencies, because the blood glucose in most patients even with a tablet can be adjusted very well. In addition, a study with only 60 patients compared to the experience of millions of diabetics is not meaningful.

1. Some common types of medications are listed below and are taken orally or injected.
2. Biguanides (Metformin) tell the liver that produce less glucose and help you adipocytes and muscle cells and the liver to absorb more glucose from the bloodstream, which lowers blood sugar levels.
3. The sulfonylureas (like glimepiride, glyburide, and tolazamide) trigger the pancreas to produce more insulin. Are taken by mouth.
4. Thiazolidinediones (such as rosiglitazone) help adipocytes and muscle and liver cells to absorb more blood sugar when insulin is present. Rosiglitazone may increase the risk of heart problems, so consult your doctor.
5. Injectable medications (including exenatide and pramlintide) can lower blood sugar.
6. Meglitinides (including repaglinide and nateglinide) trigger the pancreas to produce more insulin in response to glucose in the blood.
7. Inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase (such as acarbose) decrease the absorption of carbohydrates from the digestive tract to lower glucose levels after meals.

If you continue to have poor glycemic control despite changes in lifestyle and taking medicines by mouth, your doctor will prescribe insulin. It is also possible that the prescription if you have had an adverse reaction to other drugs. Insulin must be injected under the skin using a syringe or insulin pen, and can not be taken by mouth.

Insulin preparations are different in how quickly they start to work and the duration of its effect. The doctor will determine the appropriate type of insulin to use and tell you what time of day to.

More than one type may be mixed together in one injection to achieve better control of blood glucose. Usually injections are needed one to four times a day. Your doctor or diabetes educator will show you how to give yourself an injection.

Some people with type 2 diabetes find they no longer need medication if they lose weight and increase activity. When they reach their ideal weight, their own insulin and a careful diet can control their blood sugar levels.

It is not known whether hypoglycemia medications taken by mouth are safe for use in pregnancy. Women with type 2 diabetes taking these medications may be switched to insulin during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Aggressively treated patients had a much lower level of blood glucose (but still slightly above normal) than patients less medicated. After 3 years and 6 months, there were no differences between the two groups in the development of cardiovascular disease (one of the major complications of diabetes). Incredibly, those in the aggressively treated group had a 22 percent increase in risk of mortality.

Obviously, there was a lot of hands waving in the conference to try to explain these results. After all, it is well known that the reduction of blood glucose levels due to caloric restriction leads to a longer life cycle and greater overall health. So, in the opinion of Dr. Barry Sears, the answer is that the drugs used to lower blood glucose levels in diabetics involves a long-term toxicity. This is the sad part of modern medicine, especially in the treatment of diabetics, where drugs have become powerful treatment of the disease.

This is almost the opposite of the past when the diet was used as the main treatment for diabetes. Today, patients can eat what they want and just take more drugs.

For people with diabetes, type 1 or type 2, having a cold or flu is something that can be much more complicated than for other people. The flu and colds include symptoms that can interfere with your diabetes management, and medications to treat these diseases, too.

Influenza affects different aspects of diabetes are:

* Influenza or flu can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia. People with diabetes are three times more likely to die from this type of respiratory illness than those without diabetes.
* When your body suffers the stress of a disease, creates many ketones, a residue that means your body is not using glucose properly. This is especially true for people who have type 1 diabetes.
* Many times the flu and colds, it can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, which make your glucose levels to rise.
* If you get dehydrated because they eat well, do not drink enough fluids or as a result of diarrhea and vomiting, your glucose levels will drop too.
* Some prescription medicines contain sugar, which leads to increased levels of glucose in your blood.
* Infections can make your blood glucose, rise.

Insurance questions : what medications you take in these cases?

If you notice, most cold medicines are in the pharmacy that they say “not suitable for diabetics. This is either because a lot of sugar that can be harmful or because they have other contraindications. Do not buy OTC drugs without knowing if they are good for you. First check with your doctor.

For the treatment of your flu, you also need rest and drink plenty of fluids. You should also monitor your glucose levels frequently to make sure you are not getting too high, or if so, be prepared (a) to act.

The main thing is to meet with your doctor so that the two create a “plan for when you get sick and you take the days as are necessary to recover. That way, you can set a fixed time to eat, you stay hydrated (a), drink water at least every hour, monitor your blood glucose regularly and take your temperature. Do not stop your diabetes medicines unless your doctor says it recommends.

If you have diabetes and flu or cold you should call your doctor if, your blood glucose levels are above 180 mg / dL, your blood glucose levels are below 70 mg / dL, vomit everything you eat or drink and have diarrhea, your temperature is above 101 degrees Fahrenheit or 38.3 degrees Celsius.

Finally we continue to recommend the best treatment for the prevention of influenza vaccine against influenza (flu). It’s the best way to prevent complications for people with diabetes as for those who suffer from this disease.

The reasons are very simple, when you’re diagnosed with diabetes will automatically change your life, exercise, diet, medical examinations. The fact of having to control every aspect of your life is stressful, what you eat, the hours, how the exercise you should do, travel, what to do when you’re dining out, etc.. Also, you should check your calendar the dates for your visits with your doctor. The words diet, blood sugar, glucose, carbohydrates, complications, weight, make a permanent echo in your head. That, not counting the times you’ll wonder why. Definitely, having diabetes is not easy to assimilate.

But remember that the shock of diagnosis, is normal. Later, when you informed and understand what it’s about having diabetes and the important role you play you in control, you will feel more relieved or alleviated. But this does not mean that you have factors that increase your risk for depression. Between diabetes and depression is a great relationship, yet no studies to define it for sure, but there are ways of understanding why you feel sad:

* The daily management of diabetes can stress you (what you eat, what time, measuring glucose levels, the need to lose weight, having to be visiting the doctor, etc.).
* Diabetes, when not carefully monitored, causes complications that may create tension and trigger symptoms of depression.
* Depression can cause you to make decisions that are not good for your diabetes and lead an unhealthy diet, exercise less, gain weight, smoking … these are all factors that increase the risk of complications of diabetes.
* If you’re depressed, you lose the ability to communicate and think clearly. This can interfere with your disease management.

Diabetes and depression are not a good combination. But the good thing is that no solution. Changes in lifestyle and medications may benefit you to treat the two conditions. The exercises are great for both diabetes and for depression.

How to identify depression:

* You wake up earlier than normal and you can not back to sleep (changes in sleep patterns or sleeping problems).
* Feeling tired all the time.
* Loss of interest in things previously enjoyed doing.
* Sadness and hopelessness, especially when you wake in the morning.
* Difficulty concentrating and making decisions.
* Changes in appetite that can lead to rapid weight loss or gain.
* Headaches and backaches that have no apparent explanation.
* In extreme cases, suicidal thoughts.

If you notice any of these symptoms, do not stay silent. Remember that there may be physical causes for your depression and poor management of diabetes affects your mood. During the day, increased blood sugar can make you feel tired and anxious. The low glucose can give you very hungry and makes you eat too much. At night, if you have high glucose levels, you may get up to urinate frequently and feel very tired the next day.

If you feel some of these symptoms, please talk with your loved ones and your doctor.

These findings are the result of research Canadian and American scientists. In this study, they tested it on mice.

When mice given diabetes medication called metformin, their bodies showed increased number of immune system cells that can prevent infection and is very useful in vaccination. Such information is quoted from The Globe and Mail.

“Although still early stages, but we believe these findings have the potential to renew the method of cancer therapy and vaccine protection,” said Choi Yongwon from the University of Pennsylvania.

“Many genes involved in diabetes that also play a role in cancer development,” said Russell Jones of McGill University to clarify his statement.

“There is also accurate data which states that diabetes tends to develop certain cancers,” added Jones.

Described by Jones, this study suggests is basically a method of cancer treatment targets by referring the same metabolic pathway with diabetes. From here it can be seen how well a person’s immune system function.

The researchers also added that metformin may also be used by people who do not suffer from diabetes to increase the body‘s response to the vaccine or a new cancer treatment that depends on the immune system.